Medicine Topic: Bioengineering and Genetically Modified Organisms.Genetically Modified Organisms refers to organisms that foreign DNA introduced into their DNA, which results to an organism that is genetically modified or engineered.
Medicine Topic: Bioengineering and Genetically Modified Organisms.Genetically Modified Organisms refers to organisms that foreign DNA introduced into their DNA, which results to an organism that is genetically modified or engineered.
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BIOENGINEERING AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Introduction
Genetically Modified Organisms refers to organisms that foreign DNA introduced into their DNA, which results to an organism that is genetically modified or engineered. The insertion of the foreign DNA facilitates the production of non-native proteins, which results to the creation of new and desired traits by the organisms. Genetic Engineering relies heavily on the techniques deployed by molecular biology, which has facilitated the genetic modification of plants, animals and microorganisms (Benny, 2009). The applications of Genetic Engineering are diverse, with some areas of application such as Genetically Modified Foods being a contested subject in terms of human health and environmental issues. Genetic Engineering has also been applied in the field of medicine to facilitate the development of human drugs. In the article by Deborah Whitman Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? In the issue of Discovery Guides, the author discusses the benefits and the criticism of genetically modified foods to summarize the current issues relating to the application of genetic engineering in agriculture.
Whitman argues that the backbone of genetic engineering in agriculture is molecular biology techniques that facilitate the creation of desired traits in the plants like enhance nutritional value and an increase in the resistance to herbicides. Genetic engineering gained its popularity due to the speed and accuracy of the results compared to conventional methods such as hybridization. The author sums the advantages of the genetic engineering in agriculture as the potential solution to attaining food security in the future (Whitman, 2000). Highlighted advantages of the application of genetic engineering in agriculture include pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease tolerance, cold and drought tolerance and enhancing the nutritional content of agricultural produce. In addition, research studies are being conducted to integrate genetic engineering with in agriculture with the production of pharmaceuticals, whereby edible vaccines will be introduced in crop produce such as tomatoes and potatoes (LeVine, 2006).
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