Answer two (2) of the following three (3) parts. All parts of this question are of equal weight. Where appropriate, use diagrams to support your answers.

Answer two (2) of the following three (3) parts. All parts of this question are of equal weight. Where appropriate, use diagrams to support your answers.

(i) (a) Define the terms Stationary phase and Mobile phase, and describe the relationship between them.

(b) Define the terms Theoretical plate and Column efficiency, and describe the relationship between them.

(c) Define the terms Peak retention time and Peak area, and describe the relationship between them.

(ii) (a) Draw a Gel filtration system and describe how it works to separate compounds.

(b) Draw a Dialysis system and describe how it works to separate compounds.

(c) Draw a Cation-exchange system and describe how it works to separate compounds.

(iii) You have a mixture of Compound-x and Compound-y, and your goal is to separate them.

The structures of the compounds are shown below:

Compound-x Compound-y

One way to separate them is to use High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

(a) What is the basis of separation in HPLC? Include in your answer the difference between normal-phase and reversed-phaseHPLC.

(b) Based on the structure of Compound-x and Compound-y, which one of the two will elute first from a normal-phase HPLC system? Explain why.

(c) For the normal phase HPLC separation, the retention time of the solvent front (tM) was 1 minute and the retention time (tR) of Compound-x was 5 minutes. From this data, calculate the Corrected Retention Time (t’R) of Compound-x. What is the purpose of determining the Corrected Retention Times of compounds?
(18 marks)

Answer Question 2 in a separate booklet

Question 2

Answer three (3) of the following five (5) parts. All parts of this question are of equal weight. Where appropriate, use diagrams to support your answers.
(i) LDL-cholesterol is considered “bad cholesterol” and HDL is considered a “good form”. Outline the role of these lipoproteins in lipid transport.
(ii) Case Study: 20 year old female known diabetic brought to A&E in a semicoma

Arterial blood gas
pH 7.13 (7.35-7.45)
PCO2 14 mm Hg (35-45)
PO2 100 mm Hg (80-110)
HCO3 7 mmol/L (23-33)

Plasma

Explanation & Answer

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