Based on the look of the present Congress it appears that there are at least 42 different committees. While some of these committees appear to be unique to either the House or the Senate there are overlapping committees such as the Armed Services, Budget and Intelligence committees.

Based on the look of the present Congress it appears that there are at least 42 different committees. While some of these committees appear to be unique to either the House or the Senate there are overlapping committees such as the Armed Services, Budget and Intelligence committees.

Although, Congressional committees are headed by the party that is currently in power of that respective house. In the current case, the Republican Party controls both and the majority on the committees is Republican (Congressional Committees). By having all committees controlled by the same party tends to lead to lesser independence for Congressional committees. The party polarization that exist in present day politics and is evident in the composition of Congress also tends lead to Congressional committees want to pass legislation onto either the House or the Senate that benefits the ideals of the party in power. To get a better understanding of the lesser independence when one party controls Congress we can look simple at the fact that the number of constitutional hearings is less during a unified Congress than when they are divided. For example, when the House has been unified between the years of 1970 to 2009 there have been on average two less constitutional hearing (Devins 2011).

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Additionally, while there was a change in the 1970s that resulted in reforms of the committees and provided more power to the chairs and leaders of the political parties it affected how policy could passed through Congressional committees. The creation of lesser independence due to the increased party polarization has led to a system where when a major controls both policy that is designed to benefit a certain group may or may not be passed based on party affiliation (Pearson 2009).

By seeing the affects that party polarization has had on Congressional committees it would almost appear that having greater independence with the committees could potential lead to policies and bills that benefit a larger group being passed onto the Congressional floors. Furthermore, the redundancy of committees in both the House and Senate seem to prevent greater independence. This could primarily be to blame when one party controls all of Congress. An example this could be the House Appropriations committee seeking to allocate funds for the Department of Defense and based on the control the House at this time the committee is going to be heavily influenced by that party. Then, if the same party controls the Senate Appropriations committee the ideas of the less party in getting appropriations set aside that could either benefit or hinder the Department of Defense are ignored. Having greater independence and not having that specific influence from party polarization would generate better discussion and the potential for appropriations being allocated that are more potentially beneficial than not.

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