In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated, “noncommunicable These four diseases are the world’s biggest killers, causing an estimated 35 million deaths each year” (WHO, 2008). Mortality statistics from the United Arab Emirat

Describe the prevalence and importance of the health issue;

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In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated, “noncommunicable These four
diseases are the world’s biggest killers, causing an estimated 35 million deaths each year” (WHO, 2008). Mortality statistics
from the United Arab Emirat

diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases,
cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes represent a major threat to human health and development. These four
diseases are the world’s biggest killers, causing an estimated 35 million deaths each year” (WHO, 2008). Mortality statistics
from the United Arab Emirates show similar results, with 71% of deaths resulting from chronic diseases such as
cardiovascular disease and diabetes. nnCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of disease that involves the heart or blood
vessels. The financial costs to a health care system associated with CVD is very substantial as patients may live with this
condition for many years and require numerous medications in order to manage the disease. Additionally, CVD may lead to
many acute health emergencies such as heart attack, stroke and angina, which further increase the financial burden of this
disease. nnDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar levels. The most
common form of diabetes is Type 2 DM that results from insulin resistance, where cells fail to use insulin properly. Similar to
CVD, DM is a major health problem in the UAE. The disease not only places an economic burden on patients and society, but
it also has a negative impact on the healthrelated
quality of life of these individuals. nnAssignment aimsnThe aim of this
assignment is to prepare a literature review exploring the prevalence and determinants of either CVD or Type 2 DM. The
literature review should:nDescribe the prevalence and importance of the health issue;nDescribe the determinants of this
issue;nDiscuss how attention to these determinants can help to reduce the incidence and prevalence of the condition;
andnDiscuss how addressing these determinants can assist people with identified risk factors to access services and
supportive environments to help them manage their condition and prevent disease progression. nnThe aim is to produce a
review paper that can be used to raise awareness of the importance of understanding upstream determinants of CVD and
Type 2 DM and to generate ideas for enhancing clinical/community practice. nnAcademic quality and formatnThis literature
review must be supported by the BPT1111 readings, other recent published literature and sound, evidencebased
arguments.
The review must address ALL assignment criteria, including a full reference list. The reference list is not included in the word
count. nnDetailed outline of tasknThe issue and its determinants:nSelect either CVD or Type 2 DMnDescribe its nature,
prevalence and importance as a public health issuennBased on published literature:nDescribe the individual factors that
lead to this health issue (biology/behavior)nDescribe the upstream determinants of this issue (social, environmental,
economic, political)nnFocus on prevention:nIdentify current strategies or actions in place to address these upstream
determinantsnDiscuss how attention to these upstream determinants can:nReduce the incidence and prevalence of the
health issuenAssist people with identified risk factors to access services and supportive environments to help them manage
their condition and prevent disease progressionnNote: supports could be social, environmental (work/home/community),
economic, policy etcnDiscuss the potential social, environmental or economic benefits to society of addressing these
upstream determinantsnnConclusions:nWhat are the key findings of the literature review?nWhat were the strengths and
limitations of your approach to undertaking this review?nnReferencesnUnit readings and other recently published literature
should be included in this assignment (please refer to assignment criteria sheet). Please u

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