In Parkinson disease (PD), the basal ganglia influences the hypothalamic function to produce which grouping of clinical manifestations?

In Parkinson disease (PD), the basal ganglia influences the hypothalamic function to produce which grouping of clinical manifestations?

Inappropriate diaphoresis, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, and urinary retention

Asymmetric, regular, rhythmic tremors with slow alternating flexion and extension contractions

Involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles that impair active and passive movement

Bradykinesia of chewing, swallowing, and articulation

Question 2. Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?

Vegetative state

Comatose

Apnea

Locked-in syndrome

Question 3. With receptive dysphasia (fluent), the individual is able to

respond in writing, but not in speech.

speak back, but not comprehend speech.

comprehend speech, but not respond verbally.

respond verbally, but not comprehend speech.

Question 4. The body compensates to a rise in intracranial pressure by first displacing

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

arterial blood.

venous blood.

cerebral cells.

Question 5. Dementia is characterized by

deficits in attention and coherence of thought.

easy distractibility and poor concentration.

loss of recent and remote memory.

irritability, agitation, and restlessness.

Question 6. Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Paroxysmal

Tardive

Hyperkinesia

Cardive

Question 7. Vomiting is associated with CNS injuries that compress which anatomic location(s)?

Vestibular nuclei in the lower pons and medulla oblongata

Floor of the third ventricle

Vestibular nuclei in the midbrain

Diencephalon

Question 8. Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.

pons

medulla oblongata

reticular activating system

cingulate gyrus

Question 9. What are the initial clinical manifestations noted immediately after a spinal cord injury?

Headache, bradycardia, and elevated blood pressure

Confusion, irritability, and retrograde amnesia

Loss of deep tendon reflexes and flaccid paralysis

Hypertension, neurogenic shock, and tachycardia

Question 10. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of cluster headaches?

Aura before the headache with photophobia and nausea and vomiting

Severe unilateral tearing, burning, or temporal pain

Gradual onset of bilateral pain with sensation of a tight band around the head

Throbbing headache with intermittent burning sensation

Question 11. A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is

experiencing acute anxiety.

developing spinal shock.

developing autonomic hyperreflexia.

experiencing parasympathetic areflexia.

Question 12. The most severe diffuse brain injury caused by rotational acceleration is most likely to be located in the

diencephalon to the brainstem.

medial portion of the brainstem.

Explanation & Answer

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