The Belmont report serves as a basis for regulations on studies and research sponsored by the US government (Polit & Beck, 2017). This report contains guidelines for evaluating the ethical aspects of individual studies. The three main aspects of the Belmont report include beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice (Polit & Beck, 2017).

The Belmont report serves as a basis for regulations on studies and research sponsored by the US government (Polit & Beck, 2017). This report contains guidelines for
evaluating the ethical aspects of individual studies. The three main aspects of the Belmont report include beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice (Polit
& Beck, 2017).

Beneficence means the duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits for human subjects (Polit & Beck, 2017). This includes freedom from harm and protection from
exploitation. Respect for human dignity includes the right for self-determination and for full disclosure (Polit & Beck, 2017). This refers to people having the
right to determine whether or not they want to be part of a study, and freedom from coercion and deception. A good example of this was the first application of
intravenous streptokinase. It was given to a homeless man who was having a heart attack without informing him or obtaining consent (Cassell, 2000). This did not
include full disclosure as human subjects should be well informed on the research knowing their responsibilities, risks, and benefits. Lastly the principle of justice
covers fair treatment and the right to privacy (Polit & Beck, 2017). This means eliminating discrimination, prejudices, and maintaining confidentiality.

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One method in a research project where these principles apply is the risk benefit analysis. This is an assessment done on the risk to individual participants
compared to the potential benefits gained, not only for the individuals but for society (Polit & Beck, 2017). No research study should ever put subjects at risk
without a potential benefit. The risk should always be minimal, which means the risk for participation in a study should be no greater than the risks of routine life.

A great example of this is the Tuskegee experiment where an incredibly unethical study was conducted on men with syphilis to simply monitor the disease’s
progression, all while the patient’s believed they were actually receiving treatment (Rice, 2008). This put the subjects at great risk without providing any benefit.

A risk benefit assessment includes beneficence because it looks to maximize benefit while minimalizing risk. It includes human dignity because it informs people of
the risk versus benefits, allowing them to choose if they would like to proceed. Justice is achieved by minimizing risks and protecting patient’s privacy.

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