The issue concerning how Sexually Explicit Materials (SEM) relates to individuals within romantic relationships is becoming increasingly significant (Bridges & Morokoff 2010; Morgan 2011).

The issue concerning how Sexually Explicit Materials (SEM) relates to individuals within romantic relationships is becoming increasingly significant (Bridges & Morokoff 2010; Morgan 2011).

Data suggests that access to SEM has increased in recent years predominantly due to internet pornography; use of which has been normalised within mainstream society (tulhofer Buko & Landripet 2010). The proliferation of SEM supply and exposure among individuals (Vandenbosch 2015) has however been insufficiently back by scholarly study especially with regard to its connection to romantic relationships (Montgomery-Graham Kohut Fisher & Campbell 2015). Empirical investigations largely focus on 1) the link between violence and SEM use (Malamuth Addison & Koss 2000) and 2) how SEM effects males attitudes (ref). Women are often underrepresented in research regarding SEM use due to their assumed lack of interest in such usage however more recent studies suggest otherwise particularly with regard to lesbians whose SEM use exceeds heterosexual women (ref; ref). Only recently have studies attempted to examine the implications SEM use has on sexual and relationship functioning within romantic relationships (Bridges & Morokoff 2010; Stewart & Szymanski 2012{Cant find first page; tulhofer Buko & Landripet 2010; Morgan 2011) though the focus remains chiefly on heterosexual couples (ref). The manner in which individuals within a couple use SEM has been found to infer individuals relationship satisfaction (ref). The pervasiveness of pornography or SEM usage lends logic towards the thorough investigation of its impact on all romantic relationships inclusive of homosexual samples. Furthermore it seems appropriate that political changes with regard to same-sex marriage should be followed by sufficient scientific study of homosexuals.

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The current study aims investigate whether sexual orientation determines frequency and manner of SEM use in women. It will also examine whether singular or joint use of SEM relates to womens sexual and relationship satisfaction. Pornography has been defined as media used or intended to increase sexual arousal (Carroll Padilla-Walker Nelson Olson Barry & Madsen 2008) however studies have indicated that females are more likely to utilise magazines and such materials for sexual means. Due to the novelty of this study and its soley female sample the term sexually-explicit material (SEM) will be utilised as an expansive label; this is inclusive of videos internet web pages literature magazines or other media.

Gender differences in frequency of SEM use have been outlined in many studies (Sabina Wolak & Finkelhor 2008; Hald 2006; Carroll Padilla-Walker Nelson Olson Barry & Madsen 2008; Lewin et al. 2000; Haavio Mannila & Kontula 2003; Tren et al. 2006). Results from these studies are unanimous in demonstrating that heterosexual women consume significantly less SEM than men on average (Carroll Padilla-Walker Nelson Olson Barry & Madsen 2008; Lewin et al. 2000; Haavio Mannila & Kontula 2003; Tren et al. 2006). A study by Poulsen Busby and Galovan (2013) found that 64% of females reported using no pornography and less than 2% reported using pornography more than once per week. Males have been found to use SEM to a much larger extent (Tren et al. 2006) although variations in gender dissimilarities by age as well as cohort are apparent. A study by Boies (2002) established a 3:1 male to female ratio of SEM viewing in younger populations and a 6:1 in older populations. Despite gender differences in rates of SEM use research suggests that female pornography consumption is on the rise (Peter & Valkenburg 2006). A study by Peter and Valkenburg (2006) found that almost one half of adolescent females reported using some form of pornography in the last six months. Gender differences in SEM use could be due to the fact that SEM particularly pornography is largely male targeted and can often sexually objectify women (Brosius et al 1993; jemsen & dines 1998). Both men and women agree that SEM degrades

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