What are the elements that influence stress level in registered nurses who work in the intensive care unit?

What are the elements that influence stress level in registered nurses who work in the intensive care unit?

LITERATURE REVIEW FOR NURSING RESEARCH

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Literature review for nursing research

Given below is the essay for literature review:
Registered nurses work in variety of clinical settings or health care fields. Critical care nursing is one of the major and complex nursing specialty areas where nurses deal with life-threatening problems. Delivering high intensity therapies and interventions, critical care nurses ensure optimal care to critically ill patients and their families. It is their prime responsibility and the job requires extreme nursing vigilance.
Stress as a phenomenon or problem within the discipline of nursing
Providing delicate care to acutely ill patients in such above mentioned environments, nurses are exposed to most stressful events or situations and it can cause them feel stressed or burnout. Therefore, stress is a common problem or phenomenon critical care or intensive care unit nurses face frequently. Stress can be defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances (Linda, 2013). Thus, stress produces a negative condition that exerts pressure on a person’s physical or mental well-being. Examining the causes of stress experienced by critical care nurses provides a clear picture of how intense the problem is.
Causes of stress in critical care nurses
The nature of critical care nursing itself requires highly physical and emotional efforts. This would mean working in a stressful environment all the time. Patients in the intensive care units are critical, mortality rates are high compared to other clinical settings and nurses face ethical dilemmas very often. They encounter morally distressing situations on ethical practice or professional values. Sometimes nurses are forced to act contrary to their ethical belief. For example, unnecessary prolongation of life is one of the most stressful situation nurses face.
Intensive care nurses provide health care to patients as well as their families. This would make them emotionally exhausted. Taking over of advancing technology in the hospital settings demands higher job expectations and positive patient outcomes and this add stress to critical care nurses. ICU nurses are required to perform highly technical jobs with compassion while working long hours under the influence of nursing shortage also make them exhausted and burnout. Feeling of ineffectiveness and lack of personal accomplishment is another contributing factor that adds stress to the nurses. For example, when doctors do not consider nurses’ point of views or ways of approaching a particular situation make them feel ineffective or feel personally unaccomplished. These are some of the factors that cause stress in critical care nurses.

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Research Setting
The setting is an Intensive Care Unit of a 560 bedded community hospital. The intensive Care Unit is divided into medical ICU with 8 bed capacity and coronary care unit having 9 bed capacities. A total number of 42 registered nurses are employed in these two units for day and night shifts and eight nurses work for each shift. These registered nurses are from multicultural and different ethnic backgrounds. Patient population also has multicultural background and speaking different languages.
Research Questions
1. What are the elements that influence stress level in registered nurses who work in the intensive care unit?
2. Is there any difference in stress level between the nurses working in nightshift and day shift in the intensive care unit?
3. What can be done to decrease stress level in nurses who work night shift in the intensive care unit?
4. Is there any relationship between stress and job satisfaction?

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