What do you think of when you hear the word “bureaucracy”?Many people associate the term with red tape, inefficiency, and waste. In short, bureaucracy is often viewed very negatively.

What do you think of when you hear the word “bureaucracy”?Many people associate the term with red tape, inefficiency, and waste. In short, bureaucracy is often viewed very negatively.

What do you think of when you hear the word “bureaucracy”? Many people associate the term with red tape, inefficiency, and waste. In short, bureaucracy is often viewed very negatively.

While it is now frequently used as a derogatory term, bureaucracies were developed originally to make the government more efficient. To understand how bureaucracy would enable the government, it is necessary to define clearly what we mean by a bureaucracy.

Following are the four characteristics of bureaucracies:

A division of labor or specialization
Systems for recruitment and advancement of workers
Hierarchical structure
Written sets of rules and procedures
Bureaucracy and Efficiency Specialization Specialization increases efficiency by reducing the range of tasks that workers do. Basically, this is an extension of the logic of markets to organizations.

In the market theory, people should do what they do best and then exchange their goods or services with other people who also specialize in what they do best. In government, this means creating agencies that deal with specific topics, such as education, health care, or public safety.

Within each of these specializations, agencies are created that deal with even more narrow tasks. For example, within education, the tasks of teacher training, teaching, curriculum development, and assessment of learning are typically delegated to specialized organizations. All these specializations are intended to improve efficiency.

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Systems of Recruitment and Advancement Of Workers The specialization within organizations becomes incorporated into the second feature of bureaucracies — their systems for recruiting and advancing workers. Workers can then be selected for organizations based on their ability to do specific tasks. The workers who are most efficient at a task will be hired, that is at least in theory.

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Hierarchical Structure The third characteristic of bureaucracy, hierarchy, is supposed to promote efficiency in two ways. First, it is intended to motivate people to work harder to gain promotions within the organization. Second, it is also supposed to give the most important tasks to the most effective workers.

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Rules And Procedures Rules and procedures are needed to specify what tasks should be done, how, and by whom. The rules and procedures spell out the division of labor, recruitment processes, and the hierarchical structure of each bureaucracy.

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