What is the difference between acting from and in accord with duty? List and explain two examples Kant gives of acting merely in accord with duty.

What is the difference between acting from and in accord with duty? List and explain two examples Kant gives of acting merely in accord with duty.
EACH answer should be 300 words long,

Quotation: You may quote directly from primary sources, i.e. the readings we have used in class. This

includes Shafer-Landau, Korsgaard, and Feldman. You must cite all quotations. Do not quote excessively in an attempt to up your word count; it will generally only weaken your answer!

You may NOT use other sources (Wikipedia, SparkNotes, etc.).

Questions: Pick one question from each group to answer. Group I A) Kant believes that someone with a good will acts from duty, not merely in accord with

it. What is the difference between acting from and in accord with duty? List and explain two examples Kant gives of acting merely in accord with duty. Do you agree that

something is lacking in these actions?

or

B) One of Kant’s formulations of the categorical imperative is “Always act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in yourself or another person, never merely as a means but always at the same time as an end.” What does it mean to treat human beings as ends rather than merely means? Why does Kant think human beings are ends in themselves? Do you agree with Kant that this is why we should treat persons ethically? Give reasons for your answer.

Group II

A) Onora O’Neill contrasts Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics with regard to their emphasis on justice vs. beneficence. Briefly say what O’Neill means by justice and beneficence (you may just give an example). Then discuss this contrast. What is the role of justice and

beneficence in each theory? How are they different?

or

B) Discuss the conflict between Huck Finn’s conscience and his feelings of sympathy. What are conscience and sympathy, according to Bennett? Why are they in conflict for Huck? Why can’t Huck change his “bad morality” to line up with his sympathy?

Group III

A) What are the behaviors that DeWaal thinks constitute chimpanzee justice? Do you think that the chimpazees’ behavior really is ethical/moral (as opposed to instinctual or accidental or something else)? Why or why not? Do you think this behavior entitles

them to special ethical/moral treatment by humans? Why or why not?

or

B) The popularity of meat-heavy diets (Adkins, Paleo, Whole 30, Gary Taubs) has increased dramatically in the past decade. People who follow these diets do not merely eat meat because they like it, they claim that such diets are necessary for their well-being in various ways (they have gluten or other grain sensitivities, they believe processed food is unhealthy, they are best able to be at a desirable weight on such a diet). Do such considerations of human well-being outweigh the lives of animals? Why? OPTIONAL ISSUE to consider: does it matter whether the animals are “factory farmed” vs “humanely” raised?

Explanation & Answer

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