What is the difference between an ANOVA test and an Independent Samples t-Test?

Assessment guidelines

The assessment for this module takes the form of a structured critical appraisal of two research papers, one quantitative and one

qualitative. Your knowledge and understanding of the module content will be assessed through a series of short answer questions

pertaining to the research methods employed in each paper. You must respond to the questions in all sections of the paper. Answers

should take the form of short paragraphs of discussion that integrate supporting literature. You must number your answers according

to each of the questions within the sections (e.g. Section A Q.1, Q,2….Section B Q.1., Q.2 etc) but do not include the actual

questions as this will inflate the word count. The total word limit for this piece of work is 2,500 words excluding your reference

list. All references should be presented according to the Harvard System. Guidelines for this are available at the library website

at http://library.leeds.ac.uk/skills-referencing

Section A
Smart D, English A, James J, Wilson M, Daratha KB, Childers B, Magera C (2014) Compassion fatigue and satisfaction: A cross-

sectional survey among US healthcare workers Nursing and Health Sciences, 16, 3-10

1. Critically discuss the extent to which the evidence provided by the researchers allows the reader to judge the validity and

reliability of the data collection tools employed. How might your conclusions affect the level of confidence that can be had in the

results of the study? (10 marks)

2. Describe the concept of external validity. Critically comment on the methods employed by the researchers in obtaining a

representative sample (10 marks)

3. Identifytwo ethical requirements when undertaking research and discuss the extent to which these were addressed by the

researchers (10 marks)

4. What is the difference between an ANOVA test and an Independent Samples t-Test? Which result displayed in Table 2 shows

whether any difference is statistically significant? What does this tell you about the results for burnout scores for the different

work units? (10 marks)

5. The study found that a negative correlation existed between compassion satisfaction and burnout (r=-0.788, P<0.001). How

was this measured and what does this result mean in terms of practice? (5 marks)

Section B
Bramley L and Matiti M (2014) How does it really feel to be in my shoes? Patients’ experiences of compassion within nursing care

and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23, 2790-2799

1. In terms of purpose, what is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research? (5 marks)

2. How did the researcher find her sample of interviewees? Critically consider the issues of representativeness in this sample

and how this might affect the research findings(10 marks)

3. What are the strengths and limitations of using individual interviews as opposed to focus groups in a study of this kind?

(10 marks)

4. Critically discuss the extent to which the researcher’s account of the data analysis process is sufficiently transparent to

ensure trustworthiness(15 marks)

5. Qualitative researchers often use quotations from participants to emphasise their findings. In what way do you think the

use of quotations here adds to the paper’s evidence? (5 marks)

Section C
Summarise the main findings of the two research papers and discuss their relevancy in terms of your own professional practice

(Mental Health Nursing)(10 marks)

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